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Risk factors for osteoporosis include:

By Times staff
© St. Petersburg Times
published November 5, 2002

Women

  • Early menopause (before age 45)
  • Hysterectomy before age 45, particularly if ovaries removed
  • Multiple missed periods as a result of over-exercising or over-dieting

Men

  • Low levels of male hormone testosterone

Women and men

  • Small frame or exceptionally thin
  • Caucasian or Asian
  • Family history
  • Long-term immobility
  • Smoking
  • Heavy drinking
  • Frequent dieting or eating disorders
  • Certain diseases affecting absorption, such as Type 1 diabetes, celiac, Crohn's and Cushing's
  • Medical conditions involving liver and thyroid
  • Radiation and chemotherapy to treat cancers
  • Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and asthma requiring prednisone or other corticosteroid therapy for long periods

SOURCES: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; New York Times; National Osteoporosis Society; Mayo Clinic.

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