Health

Stress found to affect memory

WASHINGTON - How many people have gotten home after a blindingly stressful day and realized they've forgotten some important event or errand?

Well, at least there's a scientific explanation for the oversight.

Stress makes you forgetful.

People going on stage or taking an exam or finding themselves in similarly tough situations already knew this, of course.

But researchers have found how it happens, a discovery that they say could point the way to better treatments for such illnesses as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Stressful situations in which the individual has no control were found to activate an enzyme in the brain, protein kinase C, which impairs the short-term memory and other functions in the prefrontal cortex, the executive-decision part of the brain, says Dr. Amy F. T. Arnsten of Yale Medical School.

The findings were reported last week in the journal Science.

The PKC enzyme is also active in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, and Arnsten notes that a first psychotic episode can be precipitated by a stressful situation, such as going to college for the first time or joining the military.

By affecting that part of the brain, the researchers say, PKC could be a factor in the distractibility, impulsiveness and impaired judgment that occurs in those illnesses.

The finding that uncontrolled stress activates PKC indicates a possible new direction for treatments - seeking drugs that inhibit PKC, Arnsten said.

"These new findings may also help us understand the impulsivity and distractibility observed in children with lead poisoning," she said. "Very low levels of lead can activate PKC, and this may lead to impaired regulation of behavior."

The researchers used chemicals to induce stress in rats and monkeys because the stress levels are easily controlled, Arnsten said.

It was similar to humans exposed to loud noise or panicking before an exam, she said.

"It doesn't have to be traumatic, as long as you feel out of control," she said. "Control is the essential factor. ... If you are confident, you don't have these problems."

PKC affects a part of the brain that allows abstract reasoning, using working memory that is constantly updated.

"This kind of memory, the ability to concentrate, seems to be impaired when exposed to mild stresses," she said.

Scientists think the effect evolved as a protective mechanism in the event of danger, she said.

The research was funded by the Public Health Service, the Stanley Foundation, National Institute of Mental Health, Stanley Medical Research Institute and the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression.

World and national headlines

© 2006 • All Rights Reserved • St. Petersburg Times 490 First Avenue South • St. Petersburg, FL 33701 • 727-893-8111 Contact the Times | Privacy Policy Standard of Accuracy | Terms, Conditions & Copyright