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Iraq's Sunnis hold out hope for power play

As violence in the country intensifies, the minority group vows to withhold approval of a new constitution if its demands are not met.

By wire services
Published June 13, 2005

BAGHDAD - Iraq's Shiite-dominated government has been in power less than two months, and minority Sunni Arabs - the dominant force in the nation's relentless and bloody insurgency - are struggling to find a place in the country's future.

But the once-powerful community, at its lowest point since the U.S.-led invasion and ouster of Saddam Hussein, refuses to accept second-class status and believes it still has trump cards to play - chief among them: withholding approval of a new constitution in a fall referendum.

"These are very harsh times for us," said legislator Salih al-Mutlak, leader of a Sunni Arab umbrella group. "I am not optimistic, but maybe things will change after the next election."

Iraq's minority Sunni Arabs - who were dominant under Hussein but sidelined when he was toppled - have been forced to surrender virtually all authority to the long-oppressed Shiite Muslim majority and to the likewise oppressed Kurds, who enjoy autonomy in their region in northern Iraq and are mainly Sunnis. As bad as conditions became after Hussein fell from power and the Americans were running things, many Sunni Arab leaders claim conditions have only become worse under the government of Prime Minister Ibrahim al-Jaafari.

An ongoing security sweep in Baghdad, they say, has singled them out for random arrests. They also complain of brutal and high-handed treatment during raids of their homes by forces of the Iraqi police and army.

Shiite militiamen, they insist, are killing their clerics and hounding them out of government jobs to make way for supporters of ruling coalition parties.

Jaafari's government denies pushing a sectarian agenda and has reached out to the Sunni Arabs, giving them Cabinet posts and endorsing proposals for them to have a bigger political role.

But the overtures have done little to ease Sunni fears of exclusion or to defuse the insurgency.

To the contrary, violence has only intensified since the Jaafari government took power in late April. Nearly 950 people, U.S. forces included, have been killed in insurgent attacks and bombings since then.

In a move to blunt the attacks, the government Sunday said it was in contact with insurgent groups that want to lay down their weapons and join the political process. Laith Kuba, al-Jaafari's spokesman, gave no details, saying only that some militant factions had been in direct contact and others put out feelers through intermediaries.

Contacts between the government and the insurgency were first reported by Shiite and Sunni politicians last week. While they could take months to produce results, they are almost certain to enhance the standing of the Sunni Arab community both in Iraq and with the United States, which still holds sway a year after formally ending its occupation.

The Sunnis complain bitterly of their plight, but can only blame themselves for much of it. Many of them boycotted January's historic elections, allowing rival Shiites and Kurds - who represent about 80 percent of Iraq's estimated 26-million people - to capture most of parliament's 275 seats, leaving the Sunnis with little voice in Iraq's future. Parliament must draft a new constitution by Aug. 15, which will be put to a referendum two months later. If adopted, it will be the basis for yet another round of elections in December.

Sunni Arabs are asking for a bigger say in the constitutional process and are threatening to boycott it if their demands are not met. Only two of parliament's 17 Sunni Arab legislators sit on the 55-member constitutional committee under its present makeup.

Under the provisional law now in force, Sunni Arabs can reject the draft constitution in October by voting against it in three of the four provinces where they have a majority. Such a move would force the dissolution of parliament and new elections would be held, throwing the entire political process a year behind schedule - as envisioned by Washington.

"If we don't like it in October, we shall vote against it and return the entire political process to point zero," said senior Sunni Arab politician and lawmaker Meshaan al-Jiburi.

Beyond the Sunnis' failure to take part in elections, they seem further plagued by an inability to accept the political realities of postwar Iraq.

"We are the founders of modern Iraq but now we practically have no say in running it," Mutlak said.

What's more, the Sunnis have no single authoritative voice pushing their demands, leaving them at a disadvantage with the Shiites, who take their lead solely from spiritual leader Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani.

In an episode that illustrates the fragmentation of the Sunni Arab leadership, at a meeting Thursday between Sunni Arab political leaders and members of the committee writing the constitution, an argument broke out among the Sunni delegates, several people who were present said.

Adnand Dulaimi, head of the government agency responsible for Sunni affairs, submitted a list of Sunni candidates to join the 55-member committee, which has just two Sunnis on it. But Dulaimi did not consult with his fellow Sunni leaders first.

The Sunnis at the table began to curse each other, said Ali Dabbagh, a Shiite who sits on the committee and was at the meeting. "The problem is the absence of a united Sunni leadership," he said.

The Sunnis say their immediate objectives include mobilizing the community to contest the December elections and to reinstate or provide pensions for members of Hussein's disbanded army.

FOUR U.S. SOLDIERS KILLED IN BOMBINGS: Four U.S. soldiers were killed in separate roadside bombings west of Baghdad, the military said Sunday. Two soldiers were killed Saturday when a bomb exploded near their vehicle outside Amiriyah, some 25 miles west of Baghdad. Two other soldiers also died Saturday when their vehicle struck a bomb near Taqaddum, 45 miles west of Baghdad. At least 1,701 members of the U.S. military have died since the beginning of the Iraq war in March 2003, according to the Associated Press.

BARZANI ELECTED PRESIDENT OF IRAQ'S KURDISTAN: The Kurdish Parliament on Sunday elected veteran guerrilla leader Massoud Barzani the first president of Iraq's northern Kurdistan region. The 111-member assembly meeting in this northern city unanimously chose Barzani, a Sunni Muslim Kurd and leader of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, to a four-year presidential term. The Kurdish region comprises three northern provinces and has enjoyed autonomy since the first Gulf War in 1991.

BODIES OF 28 SHOOTING VICTIMS FOUND: Iraqi police on Sunday dug up the bodies of 20 men who were found bound, blindfolded and shot in the head in shallow graves east of Baghdad, while eight more bodies were found in the Iraqi capital. Lt. Ayad Ottoman said a shepherd found the bodies of 20 men Friday in the Nahrawan desert region, 20 miles east of Baghdad. Witnesses claimed the slain men were Sunni Muslims, according to a statement from the influential Sunni Muslim organization, the Association of Muslim Scholars. Eight other slain men were found shot in the head Sunday in two different locations in Baghdad's northern suburb of Shula. The bodies could not immediately be identified.

FREED FRENCH JOURNALIST RETURNS HOME: A French journalist who had been held captive in Iraq was freed Saturday, President Jacques Chirac announced Sunday, after months of secret negotiations with her captors. Florence Aubenas, 44, who works for the newspaper Liberation, and her Iraqi interpreter, Hussein Hanun, were freed after nearly five months in captivity. They were abducted in Baghdad on Jan. 5. French officials denied that a ransom was paid to win Aubenas' release, but French government officials had indicated privately that her abductors appeared criminally rather than politically motivated.

--Information from the Associated Press, New York Times and Washington Post was used in this report.

[Last modified June 13, 2005, 01:43:11]