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WASHINGTON - Conflicting economic risks that could emerge from Hurricane Katrina are putting Federal Reserve chairman Alan Greenspan and his central bank colleagues in a challenging spot.
Fallout from the disaster is expected to slow economic growth over the rest of the year, perhaps persuading the Fed to suspend its campaign of raising interest rates.
But a main argument for the Fed to stay the course is the concern that high energy costs, made worse by the killer storm, could filter down and affect the price of all kinds of things. Broader inflation could follow.
Policymakers meet today to consider their next move on interest rates. Many economists are betting they will lift an important short-term benchmark by one-quarter of percentage point, to 3.75 percent.
It would be the 11th such increase since the Fed began to tighten credit in June 2004.
Commercial banks would be expected to increase their prime lending rates by a corresponding amount, to 6.75 percent. These rates are used for many short-term consumer loans, including some credit cards and popular home equity lines of credit.
If the Fed pushes rates up again this week, borrowing costs would reach their highest level in four years.
"I think this is very, very tough for the Fed. There's also the compassion issue. You run the risk of looking very callous by raising rates," said Brandeis University economics professor Stephen Cecchetti.
When all the risks are weighed, though, Cecchetti predicts the Fed will nudge rates higher.
Those in the rate-raising camp make this case: From an economic standpoint, inflation is more dangerous now than is the threat of a serious economic slowdown.
Other analysts say the prospects of a downturn are more of a risk. They say the Fed should leave rates alone today.
"I think the greater risk is that higher energy prices will cause consumers to pull back, slowing overall economic growth," said economist Kathleen Camilli, president of Camilli Economics. She is on the side of those who think the Fed will leave rates unchanged at its meeting.
Whatever the fate of interest rates, there is agreement that the hurricane shaping up as the costliest natural disaster in U.S. history is causing uncertainty about the economic outlook. That is complicating the Fed's job of keeping the economy and inflation on an even keel.
Before Katrina, it seemed certain the Fed would raise rates at the September meeting. The idea of a pause cropped up among economists soon after Katrina struck in late August.
The economy is resilient and is expected to bounce back from what many economists hope will be a temporary rough patch.