St. Petersburg Times
Lost votes

A special report: St. Petersburg Times

The St. Petersburg Times and several other media organizations analyzed 175,010 Florida ballots that were cast but not counted during last year's presidential election.


Lost votes:
Story lineup

  • Recount: Bush
  • Without overvotes Gore was doomed
  • The public will be the ultimate judge
  • Confusion, inexperience led 2,500 voters to err
  • Why do we look back now? Because we choose to know
  • Across state, chaos takes hold
  • Republicans, Democrats meet analysis with a shrug
  • Despite election fixes, questions remain
  • 931 votes hinged on a chad in bay area
  • Citrus County: Ballot type minimized problems
  • Hernando: County voting error is slight
  • Pasco: Recount would not alter county vote
  • Hillsborough: Distinct precincts, similar problems
  • Pinellas: a question of race
  • Credits

  • Lost votes: The data
    Click here to view the NORC data

    Times chat
    Special elections chat: Times metro editor Tim Nickens answered reader questions on this special report on TimesChat. Read the transcript.

    Lost votes: Related graphics

    67 Counties 67 Recounts
    A look at what would’ve happened in the 2000 Florida presidential election if the U.S. Supreme Court had not intervened

    Is this a vote? You be the judge
    Would you count the ballots on this page?

    Florida’s confusing ballots
    Poor ballot design confused thousands of people-- four of the worst examples

    Percent of error
    Other states and the worst counties

    What would have happened if...
    ... the U.S. Supreme Court hadn't stopped the recount?

    Where the problems were
    A look at some of the counties with many rejected ballots

    Two days of chaos
    Memos from court rulings

    Where votes didn't count
    Pinellas precincts where people were most likely to cast invalid ballots

    Tale of two precincts
    Two precincts in Hillsborough County that had the most errors

    Bay area results

    Florida’s 10 big election problems
    Five problems that were fixed and five problems that were not fixed

    The changing face of Florida elections

    Pages in time
    A look back at some of the front pages from some of the memorable days following the Nov. 7 elections

    Photo gallery: A last look
    Expert legal teams. Bush operatives. Gore operatives. Recount. Recuse. Response. Butterflies. Certify. Criticize. And all forms of chad – pregnant, dimpled, hanging and tri. Any other news in the nation stopped for these words and images for five weeks last year.



    What would have happened if...

    © St. Petersburg Times, published November 11, 2001


    photo
    U.S. Supreme Court

    ... the U.S. Supreme Court hadn’t stopped the recount?

    On Dec. 8, the Florida Supreme Court ordered counties around the state to do a hand recount of undervotes – ballots where the machines did not record a vote for president. n The court also ordered state election officials to accept results from counties where recounts already had been completed (Palm Beach, Volusia and 139 precincts in Miami-Dade). n It was up to each county to decide what would constitute a vote. More than half the counties that used punch card ballots said they would consider a vote if at least one corner of the tiny chad was dangling off the ballot. Some were more restrictive (two corners), others were willing to settle for just a dimple. n Nine counties intended to review overvotes – optical scan ballots that had been disqualified for extra marks – to determine if the voter’s choice was clear. And four counties refused to do any more counting. n As the recounts began that next morning, Bush led Gore by 195 votes. n Shortly before 3 p.m. on Dec. 9 the U.S. Supreme Court ordered the recounts to stop.
    photo FLORIDA OUTCOME:
    BUSH BY 493 VOTES



    photo
    A dimple punch ballot
    ... you counted all the ballots where the voter’s choice was apparent?

    Gore supporters argue that the moral imperative and the legal standard for hand recounts is that votes should count if it’s clear what the voter intended to do. n For instance, thousands of optical scan ballots were disqualified as overvotes because they had extra marks on them. Yet 3,491 of the disqualified ballots reflect little or no ambiguity: Votes were cast for either Bush or Gore and extra marks were made to emphasize the vote. n If this kind of review had been done statewide, and if dimples on punch cards were sufficient to reflect a vote, then:
    photo FLORIDA OUTCOME:
    GORE BY 107 VOTES



    photo
    A clean punch ballot
    ... you used the most restrictive standards during the recount?

    Bush argued that the because there is no specific statewide standard for recounting ballots, subjective judgments should not be made. Hence, he opposed examining any overvotes and he argued that only punch cards with the chad poked completely off the ballot should count.
    photo FLORIDA OUTCOME:
    BUSH BY 273 VOTES

    © Copyright 2001 St. Petersburg Times. All rights reserved.